O IMPACTO DO SLOGAN I CAN’T BREATHE NO MOVIMENTO BLACK LIVES MATTER: O CASO DE ERIC GARNER
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Resumo
A pesquisa trata da morte de Eric Garner e explora suas circunstâncias e ambiente. Objetiva-se analisar o contexto com foco no assassinato de Eric pela polícia, além de como o caso progrediu e ganhou clamor público. A partir desta investigação inicial, trabalha-se com o movimento Black Lives Matter, sua origem, organização e objetivos. Analisa-se os vários contornos que o caso de Eric tomou ao longo dos anos e sua contribuição para o movimento, com ênfase na brutalidade policial e sua progressão nos últimos anos. Finalmente, explora-se esse contexto de morte e protesto por meio da teoria da situação total de Philip Zimbardo. O método é o hipotético-dedutivo por pesquisa bibliográfica, coleta e análise documental. A hipótese inicial aponta para a existência de quatro elementos-chave em relação ao caso de Garner que foram fundamentais para o crescimento do movimento BLM: a filmagem da interação policial, a sua difusão nas redes sociais, a morte da vítima, e a história de racismo no país. Conclui-se atribuindo a esses quatro elementos um poderoso impacto na sobrevivência e alcance do movimento Black Lives Matter.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Direitos autorais (c) .
Esta obra está licenciada sob uma licença Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional.
Referências
ALEXANDER, J. C. “A tomada do palco: performances sociais de Mao Tsé-Tung a Martin Luther King, e a Black Lives Matter hoje”. Sociologias, vol. 19, n. 44, 2017.
ALJAZEERA. “‘Black Lives Matter’: Thousands protest in US cities”. Aljazeera [10/07/2016]. Available at:<https://www.aljazeera.com>. Access in: 02/10/2020.
ALTER, C. “Black Lives Matter protest in New York attracts new people”. Time [10/07/2016]. Available at:<https://www.time.com>. Access in: 02/10/2020.
BAKER, A.; GOODMAN, J. D.; MUELLER, B. “Beyond the chokehold: the path to Eric Garner's death”. The New York Times [14/06//2015]. Available at: <https://www.nytimes.com>. Access in: 06/06/2020.
BARRETT, D. “NYPD fires officer at the center of Eric Garner’s death”. The Washington Post [19/08/2019]. Available at: <https://www.washingtonpost.com>. Access in: 31/05 /2020.
BENNER, K. “Eric Garner’s death will not lead to federal charges for N.Y.P.D. officer”. The New York Times [16/07/2019]. Available at: <https://www.nytimes.com>. Access in: 02/10/2020.
BURGHART, D. B. Fatal Encounters Website [2017]. Available at: <https://fatalencounters.org>. Access in: 02/10/2020.
CHAN, S. “Black Lives Matter activists stage protests across Britain”. The New York Times [06/08/2016]. Available at: <https://www.nytimes.com>. Access in: 02/06/2020.
COUNTRYMETERS. United States [01/01/2020]. Available at: <https://countrymeters.info/pt/United_States_of_America_(USA)>. Access in: 02/10/2020.
CROTHERS, J. The death of Eric Garner: how did almost everyone get it so wrong? United States: Independently Published, 2019.
D'ADDARIO, D. “Why the Kendall Jenner Pepsi ad was such a glaring misstep”. Time [05/04/2017]. Available at: <https://www.time.com>. Access in: 02/10/2020.
FANTZ, A.; VISSER, S. “Hundreds arrested in protests over shootings by police”. CNN [04/08/2016]. Available at: <https://www.cnn.com>. Access in: 02/10/2020.
GLENZA, J.; LAUGHLAND, O. “One year later: Eric Garner’s death led to most active US protests since the 60s”. The Guardian [17/07/2015]. Available at: <https://www.theguardian.com>. Access in: 07/06/2020.
GOFFMAN, E. Manicômios, prisões e conventos. São Paulo: Editora Perspectiva, 2019.
HAAG, M.; SOUTHALL, A. “Officer who killed Ramarley Graham leaves New York Police Department”. The New York Times [27/03/2017]. Available at: <https://www.nytimes.com>. Access in: 02/10/2020.
KELLING, G. L.; COLES, C. M. Fixing broken windows: restoring order and reducing crime in our communities. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997.
KHAN-CULLORS, P.; GARZA, A.; TOMETI, O. “What we believe”. Black Lives Matter [2020]. Available at: <https://www.blacklivesmatter.com>. Access in: 05/06/2020.
LAUGHLAND, O.; EPSTEIN, K.; GLENZA, J. “Eric Garner protests continue in cities across America through second night”. The Guardian [05/12/2014]. Available at: <https://www.theguardian.com>. Access in: 31/05/2020.
LEE, J. C.; PARK, H. “15 black lives ended in confrontations with police. 3 officers convicted”. The New York Times [17/05/2018]. Available at: <https://www.nytimes.com>. Access in: 05/06/2020.
LOWERY, W. “Black Lives Matter: birth of a movement”. The Guardian [17/01/2017]. Available at: <https://www.theguardian.com>. Access in: 02/06/2020.
MACI, S. M. “#icantbreathe. Ideology and consensus: printed news vs. Twitter”. CADAAD Journal, vol. 10, n. 1, June, 2018.
MCKENZIE, S. “Black Lives Matter protests spread to Europe”. CNN [11/07/2016]. Available at: <https://www.cnn.com>. Access in: 02/06/2020.
MILGRAM, S. Obediência à autoridade: uma visão experimental. Rio de Janeiro: Francisco Alves, 1983.
MISCHEL, W. O teste do marshmallow: Por que a força de vontade é a chave do sucesso. Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, 2016.
MORALES, M.; SHORTELL, D.; YAN, H. “Chants of 'i can't breathe!' erupt as the officer in the Eric Garner case won't face federal charges”. CNN [17/07/2019]. Available at: <https://www.cnn.com>. Access in: 31/05/2020.
PINCUS, E. “Kobe Bryant: ‘I can’t breathe’ protest not about race but justice”. The New York Times [10/12/2014]. Available at: <https://www.latimes.com>. Access in: 07/06/2020.
SCHOPENHAUER, A. O livre-arbítrio. Rio de Janeiro: Saraiva de Bolso / Nova Fronteira, 2012.
SINYANGWE, S.; MCKESSON, D. R.; PACKNETT-CUNNINGHAM, B. Mapping police violence Website [2020]. Available at:<https://mappingpoliceviolence.org>. Access in: 03/06/2020.
SMITH, M. “How the Eric Garner decision compares with other cases”. The New York Times [16/07/2019]. Available at: <https://www.nytimes.com>. Access in: 02/10/2020.
SOUTHALL, A. “‘I can’t breathe’: 5 years after Eric Garner’s death, an officer faces trial”. The New York Times [12/05/2019]. Available at: <https://www.nytimes.com>. Access in: 31/05/2020.
TAIBBI, Matt. I can’t breathe: a killing on Bay Street. New York: Penguin Random House, 2017.
TATE, J.; JENKINS, J.; RICH, S. “Fatal force”. The Washington Post [28/09/2020]. Available at: <https://www.washingtonpost.com>. Access in: 02/10/2020.
THAROOR, I. “Black Lives Matter is a global cause”. The Washington Post [12/07/2016]. Available at: <https://www.washingtonpost.com>. Access in: 02/10/2020.
THE ASSOCIATED PRESS. “Black Lives Matter protests worldwide”. The New York Times [10/07/2016]. Available at: <https://www.nytimes.com>. Access in: 02/10/2020.
THOMPSON, K.; SAMUELS, R. “Black Lives Matter leaders vow to continue the movement”. The Washington Post [09/07/2016]. Available at: <https://www.washingtonpost.com>. Access in: 02/06/2020.
WHEELER, R. “Michael Brown, Eric Garner, and law librarianship”. Law Library Journal, vol. 107, n. 3, July, 2015.
WINSTON, A. “Despite Eric Garner and ‘I can’t breathe,’ chokeholds still used”. The New York Times [09/05/2019]. Available at: <https://www.nytimes.com>. Access in: 07/06/2020.
YEE, V. “‘I can’t breathe’ is echoed in voices of fury and despair”. The New York Times [04/12/2014]. Available at: <https://www.nytimes.com>. Access in: 02/10/2020.
ZIMBARDO, P. O efeito Lúcifer: como pessoas boas se tornam más. Rio de Janeiro: Record, 2015.