IMPACTO AMBIENTAL DA EMBALAGEM DE ALIMENTOS: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA

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Kelly Félix Olegário
Thomas Leonardo Marques de Castro
Alina Silva de Carvalho
Gisele Danese Maciel
Luciano Brito Rodrigues

Resumen

A Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV) é amplamente utilizada na indústria de alimentos e bebidas para subsidiar a tomada de decisão ambiental, especialmente na comparação de materiais de embalagem. No entanto, a metodologia ainda enfrenta limitações na incorporação dos impactos associados ao descarte inadequado de plásticos. Nesse contexto, este estudo investiga como as embalagens plásticas têm sido consideradas em estudos de ACV de produtos alimentícios, com foco em alimentos representativos da dieta brasileira. O objetivo foi analisar de que forma as embalagens são incorporadas metodologicamente, quais impactos ambientais são priorizados e quais lacunas persistem na avaliação do fim de vida. Para isso, conduziu-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura, seguindo o protocolo PRISMA, com base em estudos publicados entre 2015 e 2025 na base de dados Dimensions, selecionados a partir de critérios explícitos de inclusão e exclusão. A análise combinou bibliometria e síntese qualitativa por meio de análise de conteúdo. A amostra foi composta por 20 estudos revisados por pares que aplicaram a ACV do berço ao túmulo; destes, apenas oito especificaram materiais de embalagem e cenários de fim de vida. Os resultados indicam predominância de categorias de impacto tradicionais, como mudanças climáticas, uso da água e do solo, enquanto aspectos relacionados ao fim de vida das embalagens plásticas, incluindo vazamento para o ambiente e indicadores específicos de poluição marinha, permanecem pouco explorados. Observou-se ainda elevada heterogeneidade nos cenários de destinação final e na forma de representar a relação entre embalagem e desperdício de alimentos, o que compromete a comparabilidade entre estudos. Conclui-se que o avanço da ACV aplicada a produtos alimentícios requer uma abordagem mais sistemática e abrangente das embalagens plásticas, com maior detalhamento dos cenários de gestão de resíduos e incorporação de indicadores capazes de capturar seus impactos ambientais ao longo do ciclo de vida.

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OLEGÁRIO, K. F. .; CASTRO, T. L. M. de .; CARVALHO, A. S. de; MACIEL, G. D.; RODRIGUES, L. B. . IMPACTO AMBIENTAL DA EMBALAGEM DE ALIMENTOS: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA. Boletín de Coyuntura (BOCA), Boa Vista, v. 24, n. 72, p. 300–327, 2025. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18078479. Disponível em: https://revista.ioles.com.br/boca/index.php/revista/article/view/8278. Acesso em: 29 dic. 2025.
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