GREEN HYDROGEN IN THE GLOBAL ENERGY TRANSITION

Abstract

The global energy transition has intensified the search for low-carbon solutions capable of decarbonizing sectors that are difficult to electrify, such as heavy industry, long-distance transport, and large-scale energy storage. In this context, green hydrogen has emerged as a strategic energy carrier, although its large-scale deployment remains constrained by economic, technological, and institutional barriers. This article aims to analyze the role of green hydrogen in the global energy transition through a structured literature review, with particular attention to production technologies, system integration, and implications for developing countries. Methodologically, the study adopts a qualitative and deductive approach based on a critical review of contemporary scientific and institutional literature, focusing on peer-reviewed articles, international reports, and policy documents published in recent years. The results indicate that advances in electrolyzer technologies, the integration of hydrogen systems with renewable energy sources, and the use of modeling and simulation tools have significantly improved the technical feasibility of green hydrogen. However, high capital costs, infrastructure limitations, regulatory uncertainty, and limited technical capacity continue to restrict its diffusion, especially in developing economies. The study concludes that green hydrogen represents a relevant component of long-term decarbonization strategies, but its effective contribution to the energy transition depends on coordinated public policies, investment frameworks, technological innovation, and international cooperation.