EXPLANATORY MODEL OF PREJUDICE AGAINST FAT PEOPLE BASED ON STEREOTYPES, ON ATTRIBUTIONS OF WEIGHT CONTROL AND INSTABILITY AND ON BLAME

Main Article Content

Thaís de Sousa Bezerra de Menezes
Silvana Carneiro Maciel

Abstract

Excess weight (which includes overweight and obesity), despite being a phenomenon that involves social aspects, is mostly investigated from the prioritization of individual aspects. This article aimed to propose an explanatory model of prejudice against fat people based on Stereotypes about fat people, the Attribution of an internal locus and control over the onset of weight gain, the Attribution of instability of overweight and the Belief in blame for being overweight. To measure these variables, cross-cultural adaptations of the Controllability Scale-Revised scales (PARRY, 2011) were used; Implicit Theories of Weight Management (Burnette, 2010); Competence and Warmth Stereotype Content Model by Fiske et al. (2002); Paternalistic Anti-Fat Attitudes Scale (PARRY, 2011) and the Measure of Fat Bias (UMB-FAT) (LATNER et al., 2008), validated for Brazilian Portuguese by Menezes (2022) and also used the blaming instrument against people fat people validated by Obara and Alvarenga (2018) to test an explanatory model of prejudice against fat people. The model was built using the Mplus software, version 8. It is hoped that this work will stimulate future studies and interventions that present accurate information about overweight that can reduce prejudice against fat people.

Article Details

How to Cite
MENEZES, T. de S. B. de; MACIEL, S. C. EXPLANATORY MODEL OF PREJUDICE AGAINST FAT PEOPLE BASED ON STEREOTYPES, ON ATTRIBUTIONS OF WEIGHT CONTROL AND INSTABILITY AND ON BLAME. Conjuncture Bulletin (BOCA), Boa Vista, v. 13, n. 37, p. 184–214, 2023. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7818332. Disponível em: https://revista.ioles.com.br/boca/index.php/revista/article/view/1118. Acesso em: 27 dec. 2024.
Section
Essays

References

ABRAMS, D. et al. Developing a national barometer of prejudice and discrimination in Britain. London: Equality and Human Rights Commission, 2018.

ALLPORT, G. W. The nature of prejudice. Boston: Addison Wesley, 1954.

APA - American Psychiatric Association. DSM-5: Manual diagnóstico e estatístico de transtornos mentais. Porto Alegre: Editora Artmed, 2014.

ARONSON, E. et al. Social psychology. Hoboken: Prentice Hall, 2002.

AMBIEL, R. A. M. et al. “E viveram felizes para sempre: a longa (e necessária) relação entre psicologia e estatística”. In: AMBIEL, R. A. M. et al. (eds.). Avaliação Psicológica: guia de consulta para estudantes e profissionais de psicologia. Perdizes: Editora Casa do Psicólogo, 2011.

BAGRICHEVSKY, M. Saúde coletiva: dialogando sobre interfaces temáticas. Blumenau: Editora do IFC, 2016.

BRASIL. Resolução n. 510, de 07 de abril de 2016. Brasília: Conselho Nacional de Saúde, 2016. Disponível em . Acesso em: 05/04/2023.

CARVALHO, M. Quando tem, tá caro! Examinando a influência da percepção de justiça e da raiva em cenários de out-of-stock seguidos de over price (Tese de Doutorado em Administração). São Paulo: UNINOVE, 2022.

CAMPOS, S. D. S. et al. “Num relance de olhar... a estigmatização das pessoas gordas: do passado aos dias de hoje”. Revista Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, vol. 14, n. 3, 2015.

CHAIKEN, S. et al. “Principles of persuasion”. In: HIGGINS, E. T.; KRUGLANSKI, A. W. (eds.). Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles. New YorK: Guilford, 1996.

CRANDALL, C. S.; ESHLEMAN, A. “A justification-suppression model of the expression and experience of prejudice”. Psychological Bulletin, vol. 129, n. 3, 2003.

CONNOR, R. A.; FISKE, S. T. “Not minding the gap: How hostile sexism encourages choice explanations for the gender income gap”. Psychology of Women Quarterly, vol. 43, n. 1, 2019.

DARDENNE, B. et al. “Insidious dangers of benevolent sexism: Consequences for women’s performance”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 93, n. 5, 2007.

DIAS, C. C. V. et al. “Mudanças de estereótipos e representações sociais: desafios para a superação do preconceito frente à doença mental”. In: MACIEL, S. C. et al. (eds.). Saúde Mental e Dependência Química: Políticas de cuidado e inclusão social. João Pessoa: Editora Idéia, 2017.

DISTEFANO, C.; MORGAN, G. B. “A Comparison of Diagonal Weighted Least Squares Robust Estimation Techniques for Ordinal Data”. Structural Equation Modeling, vol. 21, n. 3, 2014.

FISKE, S. T. et al. “A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and Warmth respectively follow from perceived status and Competition”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 82, n. 6, 2002.

GORSUCH, R. L. Factor analysis. Lawrence: Erlbaum Associates Inc, 1983.

HAIR, H. J. “Exploratory factor analysis: A review of research from 1993 to 2003”. Journal of Managment, vol. 14, n. 4, 2005.

HOYT, C. L. et al. “The obesity stigma asymmetry model: The indirect and divergent effects of blame and changeability beliefs on antifat prejudice”. Stigma and Health, vol. 2, n. 1, 2017.

JACKMAN, M. R. “Rejection or inclusion of outgroups?” In: DOVIDIO, J. F. et al. (eds.). On the Nature of Prejudice: Fifty Years After Allport. Hoboken: Blackwell, 2005.

JOVANČEVIĆ, A.; JOVIĆ, M. “The Relation Between Anti-Fat Stereotypes and Anti-Fat Prejudices: The Role of Gender as a Moderator”. Psychological Reports, vol. 125, n. 3, 2022.

LATNER, J. D. et al. “Weighing obesity stigma: The relative strength of different forms of bias”. International Journal of Obesity, vol. 32, n. 7, 2008.

LI, C. H. “Confirmatory factor analysis with ordinal data: Comparing robust maximum likelihood and diagonally weighted least Squares”. Behavioral Research Methods, vol. 48, n. 3, 2016.

LIMA, M. E. O. Psicologia Social do Preconceito e do Racismo. São Paulo: Editora Blucher, 2020.

LOPES, D. D. et al. Psicologia social. Porto Alegre: Editora Sagah, 2018.

MENEZES, T. S. B. et al. “Representação social da obesidade: análise com estudantes do ensino médio e universitários”. Ciencias Psicológicas, vol. 15, n. 1, 2021.

MENEZES, T. S. B. Modelo explicativo do preconceito contra pessoas gordas (Tese de Doutorado em Psicologia Social). João Pessoa: UFPB, 2022.

MODESTO, J. G. et al. “Racismo e Políticas Afirmativas: Evidências do Modelo da Discriminação Justificada”. Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, vol. 33, 2018.

MONTEIRO, C. M.; LOUZADA, M. L. C. “Ultraprocessamento de alimentos e doenças crônicas não transmissíveis: Implicações para políticas públicas”. In: NOGUEIRA, R. P. et al. (orgs.). Observatório Internacional de Capacidades Humanas, Desenvolvimento e Políticas Públicas: Estudos e análises. Brasília: Editora da UnB, 2015.

MYERS, D. G. Psicologia Social. Porto Alegre: Editora AMGH, 2014.

NICOLAS, G. et al. “Comprehensive stereotype content dictionaries using a semi‐automated method”. European Journal of Social Psychology, vol. 51, n. 7, 2021.

OBARA, A. A.; ALVARENGA, M. S. “Adaptação transcultural da Escala de Atitudes Antiobesidade para o português do Brasil”. Ciência e Saúde Coletiva, vol. 23, n. 5, 2018.

PARRY, M. V. Beyond hostile prejudice and blame: the weight of paternalistic anti-fat attitudes and related beliefs in understanding social reactions to fat persons (Doctoral Thesis in Philosophy). Toowoomba: University of Southern Queensland, 2011.

PETTIGREW, T. F.; MEERTENS, R. W. “Subtle and blatant prejudice in Western Europe”. European: Journal of Social Psychology, vol. 21, n. 5, 1995.

POPOVICOVA, M. et al. “Key predictors of overweight and obesity in adult population”. Clinical Social Work and Health Intervention, vol. 12, n. 5, 2021.

PUHL, R. M.; BROWNELL, K. D. “Bias, discrimination and obesity”. Obesity Research, vol. 9, n. 12, 2001.

RAMASUBRAMANIAN, S.; OLIVER, M. B. “Activating and suppressing hostile and benevolent racism: Evidence for comparative media stereotyping”. Media Psychology, vol. 9, n. 3, 2007.

RAMOS, M. et al. “What hostile and benevolent sexism communicate about men’s and women’s warmth and competence”. Group Processes; Intergroup Relations, vol. 21, n. 1, 2018.

RAYKOV, T. “Estimation of composite reliability for congeneric measures”. Applied Psychological Measurement, vol. 21, n. 2, 1997.

ROSSATO, E. A. “Da meritocracia clássica à meritocracia social”. Revista Espaço Acadêmico, vol. 22, n. 234, 2022.

SIJTSMA, K. “On the use, the misuse, and the very limited usefulness of Cronbach’s alpha”. Psychometrika, vol. 74, n. 1, 2009.

SUN, Y. Therapists' Implicit Bias towards Chinese International Students (Doctoral Thesis in Philosophy). Auburn: Auburn University, 2019.

SWIM, J. K.; STANGOR, C. Prejudice: The target’s perspective. Cambridge: Academic Press, 1998.

TORRES, C.; NEIVA, E. R. Psicologia social. Porto Alegre: Editora Artmed, 2011.

VALENTINI, F.; DAMÁSIO, B. F. “Variância Média Extraída e Confiabilidade Composta: Indicadores de Precisão”. Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, vol. 32, n. 2, 2016.

VISINTIN, E. P. “Contact with older people, ageism, and containment behaviours during the COVID‐19 pandemic”. Journal of Community; Applied Social Psychology, vol. 31, n. 3, 2021.

WEINER, B. Transforming cultural plurality into theoretical unity. Greenwich: Information Age, 2004.

Most read articles by the same author(s)