FROM THE CONDITIONS OF POSSIBILITY TO THE WILL TO TRUTH: MEANINGS OF DEMOCRACY IN JAIR BOLSONARO’S DISCOURSE
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
With the advent of the internet, the ease of access to information and the immediacy of contact with the digital public have made politicians turn their attention to the potential that social networks could have for their objectives. Among this group, former President Jair Bolsonaro stands out, having built his electoral campaign for the presidency in 2018 through the social networks Facebook and Twitter (currently X) and, once elected, maintained his government communication through these platforms. Thus, this study aims to analyze the discourse on democracy present in Bolsonaro's statements on Twitter during the 2022 electoral period, aiming to understand the functioning of the will to truth and the conditions of possibility of this discourse. The theoretical contribution shares the contributions of Foucaultian Discourse Analysis (2012; 2019). Methodologically, this is a descriptive-interpretative study of a qualitative nature, with data collection carried out through a systematic survey of tweets published by Bolsonaro during the 2022 electoral period. The analysis procedures involved organizing the corpus into two enunciative series, followed by the analysis of the conditions of possibility and the wills for truth that constitute the discourses, according to Foucaultian theoretical-methodological assumptions. The results show that Bolsonaro's discourse on democracy is marked by a discursive regularity that operates in two main directions: attacks on the opposition, characterizing it as a threat to democratic values, and the defense of freedom as a fundamental pillar of democracy. This regularity evokes both the discursivities of the victorious 2018 election and the bases of the ideological formation of the so-called Bolsonarism. It is concluded that the meanings of democracy produced in the analyzed tweets are permeated by a desire for truth that seeks to legitimize a specific conception of democracy, aligned with the political-ideological interests of the then president/candidate, while at the same time disqualifying divergent views on the democratic regime.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c). Conjuncture Bulletin (BOCA)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
AZEVEDO JUNIOR, A. C.; LOURENÇO, R. F. “Lideranças Populistas, Firehosing e a dinâmica algorítmica: um estudo dos posicionamentos de Jair Bolsonaro”. Más Poder Local, n. 54, 2023.
CAMARGO, C. M. S. “Memória discursiva e a Análise do Discurso na perspectiva pecheutiana e sua relação com a memória social”. Saber Humano, vol. 9, n. 14, 2019.
CÂNDIDO LOURENÇO, W. W. “Desconfiança perante a democracia e as instituições democráticas no resultado das eleições presidenciais de 2018”. Boletim de Conjuntura (BOCA), vOL. 9, n. 26, 2022.
CAPILLA, P. “Post-Truth as a Mutation of Epistemology in Journalism”. Media and Communication, vol. 9, n. 1, 2021.
COSTA DE JESUS, V. C.; SILVA, F. V. “Da formação do objeto às estratégias biopolíticas: discursos sobre a pobreza menstrual em materialidades jornalísticas digitais”. Boletim de Conjuntura (BOCA), vol. 14, n. 42, 2023
DOMINGOS, J. Discurso, poder e subjetivação: uma discussão foucaultiana. João Pessoa: Editora Marca de Fantasia, 2020.
ESEN, B.; GUMUSCU, S. "How Erdoğan's populism won again". Journal of Democracy, vol. 34, n. 3, 2023.
FISCHER, R. M. B. “Foucault e a análise do discurso em educação”. Cadernos de Pesquisa, n. 114, 2003.
FOUCAULT, M. A arqueologia do saber. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Forense Universitária, 2012.
FOUCAULT, M. A ordem do discurso. São Paulo: Editora Loyola, 2019.
FOUCAULT, M. Histoire de la Folie à l´âge classique. Paris: Gallimard, 1972.
GREGOLIN, M. R. Foucault e Pêcheux na análise do discurso: diálogos e duelos. São Carlos: Editora Claraluz, 2007.
KRARUP, T. “Archaeological Methodology: Foucault and the History of Systems of Thought”. Theory, Culture and Society, vol. 38 n. 5, 2021.
KWOK, H. et al. “The regime of ‘post-truth’: COVID-19 and the politics of knowledge”. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, vol. 44, n. 1, 2021.
LEVITSKY, S; ZIBLATT, D. Como as democracias morrem. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Zahar, 2018.
MALDONADO, M. A. “(Pos)verdad y política en la democracia liberal”. Quaderns de Filosofia, vol. 10, n. 2, 2023.
MOURA, T. S; BRUNET, P. D. M; SILVA, F. V. “Discurso, poder e subjetividade na sociedade do cansaço: um estudo de tiras cômicas da série Viver dói, de Fabiane Langona”. Discursividades, vol. 12, n. 1, 2023.
PALTRINIERI, L. “The Truth in Practice: Foucault's Genealogical Problematization of Truth-Telling”. Theory, Culture and Society, vol. 38, n. 4, 2021.
PEREIRA FILHO, R. B.; DIÓGENES, J. V. H; GÓES, R. T. “Democracia iliberal e sociedade em rede: A era das redes sociais e seus impactos na democracia”. Revista de Teorias da Democracia e Direitos Políticos, vol. 7, n. 1, 2021.
SANTOS, J. A; OLIVEIRA, G. S; SAAD, N. S. “Análise de discurso: fundamentos e procedimentos”. Cadernos da Fucamp, vol. 20, n. 43, 2021.
SANTOS, R. M; CIOCCARI, D. O; MORAES, T. P. B. “O clã Bolsonaro e o Twitter: comunicação política e influência na rede social”. Mediapolis, vol. 10, 2020.
SCHÄFER, S. “Political homophobia: The rise of anti-queer rhetoric in Indonesia and Turkey”. Journal of Language and Politics, vol. 23. n. 6, 2024.
SEIBT, T.; DANNENBERG, M. “Pandemia, desinformação e discurso autoritário: os sentidos das declarações de Jair Bolsonaro no Twitter a partir de checagens dos Fatos”. Liinc em Revista, vol. 17, n. 1, 2021.
SHIFMAN, L. SCHARLACH, R.; HALLINAN, B. “Governing principles: articulating values in social media platform policies”. New Media and Society, vol. 25, n. 3, 2023.
SILVA, C. G. C. O bolsonarismo da esfera pública: uma análise foucaultiana sobre os conceitos de pós-verdade, fake news e discurso de ódio presentes nas falas de Bolsonaro (Dissertação de Mestrado em Letras). Manaus: UFAM, 2020.
STANLEY, J. How Fascism Works: the politics of us and them. New York: Random House, 2018.
VAN DER MERWE, T. R. et al. “Crafting a Foucauldian Archaeology Method: A Critical Analysis of Occupational Therapy Curriculum-as-Discourse, South Africa”. Social Sciences, vol. 12, n. 7, 2023.
VENZ, J. “Foucault's Conditions of Possibility and the Digital Archive”. Digital Scholarship in the Humanities, vol. 37, n. 2, 2022.
WALTERS, W. “Truth-telling in Foucault and Arendt: parrhesia, the pariah and academics in dark times”. Journal of Political Power, vol. 14, n. 3, 2021.