WHY WAS THE COLLECTIVE SECURITY TREATY ORGANIZATION USED IN THE KAZAKHSTAN CRISIS?

Main Article Content

Jonathan Christian Dias dos Santos

Abstract

In the early days of 2022, Kazakhstan, the most developed country in Central Asia, was shaken by protests that began in the western provinces of the country. First, calling for a reduction in the price of gas, the demonstrations took hold of the largest cities in the country and led to deadly consequences and the use, for the first time, of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), led by the Russian Federation, to control the situation. In this essay we seek to discuss the employment of the CSTO in the Kazakhstan crisis and the reasons that led to this action.

Article Details

How to Cite
SANTOS, J. C. D. dos . WHY WAS THE COLLECTIVE SECURITY TREATY ORGANIZATION USED IN THE KAZAKHSTAN CRISIS?. Conjuncture Bulletin (BOCA), Boa Vista, v. 9, n. 26, p. 96–104, 2022. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5935093. Disponível em: https://revista.ioles.com.br/boca/index.php/revista/article/view/557. Acesso em: 22 jul. 2024.
Section
Essays

References

ACLED - Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project. ACLED Website Retrieved from: <https://acleddata.com>. Access: 01/19/2022.

ADB - Asia Development Bank. “Banking Sector of Kazakhstan under COVID-19 Crisis”. ADB Website [2020]. Retrieved from: <https://www.adb.org>. Access: 01/19/2022.

CSTO - Collective Security Treaty Organization. “From the Treaty to the Organization”. CSTO Website [2022]. Retrieved from: <https://en.odkb-csto.org>. Access: 01/19/2022.

DAILY SABAH. “Nazarbayev family members ousted from govt posts amid Kazakh turmoil”. Daily Sabah [17/01/2022]. Retrieved from: . Access: 01/19/2022.

EMBASSY OF KAZAKHSTAN IN BRASILIA. “Discurso do Primeiro Presidente da República do Cazaquistão - Elbasy Nursultan Nazarbayev”. Embassy of Kazakhstan in Brasilia Facebook [2022a]. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 19/01/2022.

EMBASSY OF KAZAKHSTAN IN BRASILIA. “Pelo decreto do Chefe de Estado Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, foi criado um fundo social público (OSF) "Kazakhstan Khalkyna". Embassy of Kazakhstan in Brasilia Facebook [2022b]. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 19/01/2022.

ESTADO DE MINAS. “EUA anuncia mais US$200 milhões em ajuda para Ucrânia”. Estado de Minas [19/01/2022]. Disponível em: <https://www.em.com.br>. Acesso em: 19/01/2022.

EURONEWS. “Russian-led forces begin withdrawing from Kazakhstan”. Euronews [01/18/2022]. Retrieved from: . Access: 01/19/2022.

KAZAKHSTAN. Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan Bureau of National Statistics. “Demographic development of Kazakhstan”. Kazakhstan Bureau of National Statistics Website [2021]. Retrieved from: <https://stat.gov.kz>. Access: 01/19/2022.

KUSSAINOVA, Meiramgul. “State of emergency ends in Kazakhstan”. Anadolu Angecy Website [01/19/2022]. Retrieved from: <https://www.aa.com.tr>. Access: 01/19/2022.

PATRUCIC, Miranda; LOZOVSKY, Ilya. “Secretive Offshore Maneuvers Enriched Unofficial Third Wife of Kazakhstani Leader Nursultan Nazarbayev”. Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project Website [2021]. Retrieved from: <https://www.occrp.org>. Access: 01/19/2022.

POR BRASÍLIA. “Mundo in Foco – Cazaquistão”. Por Brasília Youtube [15/01/2022]. Disponível em: <https://www.youtube.com>. Acesso em: 19/01/2022.

QUINN, C. “As Russian Troops Leave, What’s Next for Kazakhstan?” Foreign Policy [01/13/2022]. Retrieved from: <https://foreignpolicy.com>. Access: 01/19/2022

SHELLEY, Louise. “Corrupt oil practices implicate president Nazarbayev”. The Central Asia-Caucasus Analyst [2000]. Retrieved from: <http://www.cacianalyst.org>. Access: 01/19/2022.

SPUTNIK. “Сколько миротворцев ОДКБ отправилось в Казахстан?”. Sputnil Website [2022]. Retrieved from: <https://ru.armeniasputnik.am>. Access: 01/19/2022.

SVARIN, David. “The construction of ‘geopolitical spaces’ in Russian foreign policy discourse before and after the Ukraine crisis”. Journal of Eurasian Studies, vol. 7, n. 2, 2016.