ENERGY RECOVERY AS A SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This research investigated the use of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) process to recover part of the thermal and chemical energy left in the exhaust boiler stream. A theoretical analysis of energy conversion and use was performed based on a small boiler, in which were performed several measurements and analysis of the operation reports, which provided the boundary conditions and relevant information for modelling the processes. The methodology considered the radiation from exhaust gases, thermodynamics balances, and economic engineering calculations for the energy recovery analysis. Financial results indicate that the exhaust gas recirculation process implementation, regarding 20% of EGR ratio, presented 69% and 1.45 years of internal returning rate and payback, respectively. However, the regenerative process presented internal returning rate and payback values of 112% and 0.9 years. Indeed, both process might be applied, in order to increase the efficiency and reduce the emissions. In this way, the implementation of the exhaust gas recirculation process can contribute to the development of more economical practices in the industry, while promoting the reduction of operating costs and improving boiler efficiency.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c). Conjuncture Bulletin (BOCA)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
ADAMS, P. W. R.; MCMANUS, M. C. “Small-scale biomass gasification CHP utilisation in industry: Energy and environmental evaluation”. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, vol. 6, 2014.
AGRAWAL, A. K. et al. “Effect of EGR on the exhaust gas temperature and exhaust opacity in compression ignition engines”. Sadhana, vol. 29, n. 3, 2004.
AHMADI, L.; KANNANGARA, M.; BENSEBAA, F. “Cost-effectiveness of small scale biomass supply chain and bioenergy production systems in carbon credit markets: A life cycle perspective”. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, vol. 37, 2020.
ALCARÁZ-CALDERON, A. M. et al. “Natural gas combined cycle with exhaust gas recirculation and CO2 capture at part-load operation”. Journal of the Energy Institute, vol. 92, n. 2, 2019.
ALI, U. et al. “Comparative potential of natural gas, coal and biomass fired power plant with post - combustion CO 2 capture and compression”. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, v. 63, 2017.
ALI, U. et al. “Process Simulation and Thermodynamic Analysis of a Micro Turbine with Post-combustion CO2 Capture and Exhaust Gas Recirculation”. Energy Procedia, vol. 63, 2014.
ALI, U. et al. “Techno-economic process design of a commercial-scale amine-based CO2 capture system for natural gas combined cycle power plant with exhaust gas recirculation”. Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 103, 2016.
ARAHUETES, A.; OLCINA CANTOS, J. “The potential of sustainable urban drainage systems (SuDS) as an adaptive strategy to climate change in the Spanish Mediterranean”. International Journal of Environmental Studies, vol. 76, n. 5, 2019.
ASIKAINEN, A. et al. “Forest energy potential in Europe (EU 27)”. Working Papers of the Finnish Forest Research Institute 69. Helsinque: Finnish Forest Research Institute, 2008.
BARAL, A. “Trees for carbon sequestration or fossil fuel substitution: the issue of cost vs. carbon benefit”. Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 27, n. 1, 2004.
BAZZO, E. Geração de Vapor. Florianópolis: Editora da UFSC, 1995.
BCB - Banco Central do Brasil. “Selic”. BCB [2017]. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 05/05/2023.
BRADLEY, D.; MATTHEWS, K. J. “Measurement of High Gas Temperatures with Fine Wire Thermocouples”. Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, vol. 10, n. 4, 1968.
CAETANO, N. R. et al. “Assessment of mathematical models for prediction of thermal radiation heat loss from laminar and turbulent jet non-premixed flames”. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, vol. 7, 2018.
CAETANO, N. R. et al. “Diffusion Flame Stability of Low Calorific Fuels”. Defect and Diffusion Forum, vol. 362, 2015.
CAETANO, N. R.; CATALUÑA, R.; VIELMO, H. A. “Analysis of the Effect on the Mechanical Injection Engine Using Doped Diesel Fuel by Ethanol and Bio-Oil”. International Review of Mechanical Engineering, vol. 9, n. 2, 2015.
CAETANO, R. R.; FIGUEIRA, L. F. “A comparative experimental study of turbulent non premixed flames stabilized by a bluff-body burner”. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol. 63, 2015.
CARAPELLUCCI, R.; GIORDANO, L.; VACCARELLI, M. “The use of biomass to reduce power derating in combined cycle power plants retrofitted with post-combustion CO2 capture”. Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 107, 2016.
CEPEA - Centro de Estudos Avançados em Economia Aplicada. “Breve retrospecto macroeconômico do agronegócio em 2020”. CEPEA [2021]. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 08/05/2023.
CHUI, E. H.; GAO, H. “Estimation of NOx emissions from coal-fired utility boilers”. Fuel, vol. 89, n. 10, 2010.
COELHO, P.; COSTA, M. Combustão. Lisboa: Editora Orion, 2007.
DEMESTICHAS, K. et al. “Blockchain in Agriculture Traceability Systems: A Review”. Applied Sciences, vol. 10, n. 12, 2020.
DENG, C. et al. “Meeting the challenges of food-energy-water systems in typical mega-urban regions from final demands and supply chains: A case study of the Bohai mega-urban region, China”. Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 320, 2021.
DIAMOND‐SMITH, N.; SMITH, K. R.; HODOGLUGIL, N. N. S. “Climate change and population in the Muslim world”. International Journal of Environmental Studies, vol. 68, n. 1, 2011.
DÍEZ, H. E.; GÓMEZ, I. N.; PÉREZ, J. F. “Mass, energy, and exergy analysis of the microgasification process in a top-lit updraft reactor: Effects of firewood type and forced primary airflow”. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, vol. 29, 2018.
DITARANTO, M.; HALS, J.; BJORGE, T. “Investigation on the in-flame NO reburning in turbine exhaust gas”. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol. 32, n. 2, 2009.
DJEKIC, I. et al. “Role of the Food Supply Chain Stakeholders in Achieving UN SDGs”. Sustainability, vol. 13, n. 16, 2021.
ELKADY, A. M. et al. “Application of Exhaust Gas Recirculation in a DLN F-Class Combustion System for Postcombustion Carbon Capture”. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, vol. 131, n. 3, 2009.
FDOLINSKI, C. “Trocador de calor de 30 placas em inox”. Mercado Livre [2017]. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 02/05/2023.
FEARNSIDE, P. M.; PUEYO, S. “Greenhouse-gas emissions from tropical dams”. Nature Climate Change, vol. 2, n. 6, 2012.
FERNÁNDEZ, R. G. et al. “Study of main combustion characteristics for biomass fuels used in boilers”. Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 103, 2012.
FLUKE CORPORATION. Manual Fluke 561. Göttingen: Fluke Corporation, 2007.
FRAGA, A. de O. et al. Soil corrosion of the AISI1020 steel buried near electrical power transmission line towers. Materials Research, vol. 17, n. 6, p. 1637–1643, 2014.
GÓMEZ, M. A. et al. “Numerical simulation of the combustion process of a pellet-drop-feed boiler”. Fuel, vol. 184, 2016.
GÓMEZ, M. A. et al. “Steady CFD combustion modeling for biomass boilers: An application to the study of the exhaust gas recirculation performance”. Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 179, 2019.
GUERRA, S. P. S. et al. “Heating value of eucalypt wood grown on SRC for energy production”. Fuel, vol. 137, 2014.
HAMID ELSHEIKH, M. et al. “A review on thermoelectric renewable energy: Principle parameters that affect their performance”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 30, 2014.
HENRIQUES, M. C. B. F. “Effect of exhaust gas recirculation and air staging on gaseous and particle emissions in a domestic boiler”. MDPI [2018]. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 03/05/2023.
HU, Y. et al. “Thermodynamic analysis and techno-economic evaluation of an integrated natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) power plant with post-combustion CO2 capture”. Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 111, 2017.
JIMÉNEZ-ESPADAFOR, F. J. et al. “Experimental analysis of low temperature combustion mode with diesel and biodiesel fuels: A method for reducing NOx and soot emissions”. Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 103, 2012.
JUNGA, R.; CHUDY, P.; POSPOLITA, J. “Uncertainty estimation of the efficiency of small-scale boilers”. Measurement, vol. 97, 2017.
KANG, M. S. “Journal of crop improvement and the sustainable development goals”. Journal of Crop Improvement, vol. 34, n. 5, 2020.
KLINE, S. J.; MCCLINTOCK, F. A. “Describing uncertainties in single-sample experiments”. Mechanical Engineering, vol. 75, 1953.
KLUNK, M. A. et al. “Study of the Corrosion of Buried Steel Grids of Electrical Power Transmission Towers”. ECS Transactions, vol. 43, n. 1, 2012.
KLUNK, M. A.; DASGUPTA, S.; DAS, M. I. “Influence of fast pyrolysis with temperature on ga, char and bio-oil production”. Southern brazilian Journal of Chemistry, vol. 26, n. 26, 2017.
KLUNK, M. A.; DASGUPTA, S.; DAS, M. “Slow pyrolysis of rice straw: Analysis of biochar, bio-oil and gas”. Southern Brazilian Journal of Chemistry, vol. 26, n. 26, 2018.
LEONARDO, M.P. Duto Semi-flexivel Alumi Para Coifa De 150 Mm (rl.c/ 1,5mts). 2017.
LI, H. et al. “Impacts of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on the natural gas combined cycle integrated with chemical absorption CO2 capture technology”. Energy Procedia, vol. 4, 2011.
LI, J.; DITARANTO, M.; BERSTAD, D. “Technologies for increasing CO2 concentration in exhaust gas from natural gas-fired power production with post-combustion, amine-based CO2 capture”. Energy, vol. 36, n. 2, 2011.
LI, X. et al. “Impact of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on soot reactivity from a diesel engine operating at high load”. Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 68, n. 1, 2014.
LINDQVIST, K. et al. “Integration aspects of reactive absorption for post-combustion CO 2 capture from NGCC (natural gas combined cycle) power plants”. Energy, vol. 78, 2014.
LIU, C.; NGUYEN, T. T. “Evaluation of household food waste generation in hanoi and policy implications towards SDGs target 12.3”. Sustainability, vol. 12, n. 16, 2020.
MALAGÓ, A. et al. “An analytical framework to assess SDG targets within the context of WEFE nexus in the Mediterranean region”. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 164, 2021.
MASON-JONES, R.; DAVIES, P. G.; THOMAS, A. “Applying the Theory of Constraints to Explore the UK Renewable-Energy Supply Chain”. Sustainability, vol. 14, n. 20, 2022.
MOFFAT, R. J. “Contributions to the theory of single-sample uncertainty analysis”. Journal of Fluids Engineering, vol. 14, 1982.
NEWNAN, D. G.; ESCHENBACH, R. G.; LAVELLE, J. P. Engineering economic analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
OKOKO, A. et al. “The carbon footprints of alternative value chains for biomass energy for cooking in Kenya and Tanzania”. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, vol. 22, 2017.
PATRONELLI, S. et al. “Combustion of wood-chips in a small-scale fixed-bed boiler: Validation of the numerical model through in-flame measurements”. Fuel, vol. 221, 2018.
PEETERS, A. N. M.; FAAIJ, A. P. C.; TURKENBURG, W. C. “Techno-economic analysis of natural gas combined cycles with post-combustion CO2 absorption, including a detailed evaluation of the development potential”. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, vol. 1, n. 4, 2007.
PEVS - Produção da Extração Vegetal e da Silvicultura. “Estatística econômicas: agricultura e pecuária”. PEVS [2021]. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 15 maio 2023.
PIEROBON, F. et al. “Life cycle environmental impact of firewood production – A case study in Italy”. Applied Energy, vol. 150, 2015.
RECTOR, L. et al. “Comparative emissions characterization of a small-scale wood chip-fired boiler and an oil-fired boiler in a school setting”. Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 107, 2017.
ROKKE, P. E. Environmental Use of Natural Gas in a Gas Turbine (Thesis Doctoral). Trondheim: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2006.
SAGANI, A.; HAGIDIMITRIOU, M.; DEDOUSSIS, V. “Perennial tree pruning biomass waste exploitation for electricity generation: The perspective of Greece”. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, vol. 31, 2019a.
SAGANI, A.; HAGIDIMITRIOU, M.; DEDOUSSIS, V. “Perennial tree pruning biomass waste exploitation for electricity generation: The perspective of Greece”. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, vol. 31, 2019b.
SAIDUR, R. et al. “A review on biomass as a fuel for boilers”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, n. 5, 2011.
SANTIS, A. et al. “CFD analysis of exhaust gas recirculation in a micro gas turbine combustor for CO2 capture”. Fuel, vol. 173, 2016.
SANTOS, M. A. et al. “Estimates of GHG emissions by hydroelectric reservoirs: The Brazilian case”. Energy, vol. 133, 2017.
SCHUCK, S. “Biomass as an energy source”. International Journal of Environmental Studies, vol. 63, n. 6, 2006.
SEITRON. “Combustion Analyzer Chemist 500x”. Seitron [2015]. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 20/05/2023.
SHEPHERD, P. J. Fundamentals of Thermodynamics. In: LANDAU, L. D.; LIFSHITZ, E. M. A course in theoretical physics. Oxford, UK: John Wiley AND Sons, 2013.
SHINOMORI, K. et al. “No emission characteristics and aerodynamic structure of a self-recirculation type burner for small boilers”. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol. 33, n. 2, 2011.
SILVA, B. P. et al. “Technical and Economic Viability for the Briquettes Manufacture”. Defect and Diffusion Forum, vol. 380, 2017.
SINGH, G.; SINGH, A. P.; AGARWAL, A. K. “Experimental investigations of combustion, performance and emission characterization of biodiesel fuelled HCCI engine using external mixture formation technique”. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, vol. 6, 2014.
SIVARAMAN, M. R. “The role of climate change in global economic development”. International Journal of Environmental Studies, vol. 71, n. 2, 2014.
SMITH, J. M.; VAN NESS, H. C.; ABBOTT, M. M. Introdução à Termodinâmica da Engenharia Química. São Paulo: LTC, 2000.
SMITH, L. D; SANCHEZ, S. “Assessment of business potential at retail sites: Empirical findings from a us supermarket chain”. International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, vol. 13, n. 1, 2003.
SPINELLI, R.; WARD, S. M.; OWENDE, P. M. “A harvest and transport cost model for Eucalyptus spp. fast-growing short rotation plantations”. Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 33, n. 9, 2009.
TANG, E.; PENG, C; XU, Y. “Changes of energy consumption with economic development when an economy becomes more productive”. Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 196, 2018.
THAPA, S.; BORQUIST, E.; WEISS, L. “Thermal energy recovery via integrated small scale boiler and superheater”. Energy, vol. 142, 2018.
TOBOSO-CHAVERO, S. et al. “Incorporating user preferences in rooftop food-energy-water production through integrated sustainability assessment”. Environmental Research Communications, vol. 3, n. 6, 2021.
TREVELIM, W. J. “Caldeiras flamotubulares-reconstituição de prontuários”. Revista Eletrônica da Faculdade de Alta Floresta, vol. 2, n. 2, 2013.
VISKANTA, R. “Radiation heat transfer in combustion systems”. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, vol. 13, n. 2, 1987.
WALEKHWA, P. N.; LARS, D.; MUGISHA, J. “Economic viability of biogas energy production from family-sized digesters in Uganda”. Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 70, 2014.
WELTER, C. A. Uso da biomassa Florestal como estratégia de redução dos gases de efeito estufa: estudo de caso na fumicultura do sul do Brasil (Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Florestal). Santa Maria: UFSC, 2017.
WHITEMAN, A.; WICKRAMASINGHE, A.; PIÑA, L. “Global trends in forest ownership, public income and expenditure on forestry and forestry employment”. Forest Ecology and Management, vol. 352, 2015.
YIN, C.; ROSENDAHL, L. A.; KÆR, S. K. “Grate-firing of biomass for heat and power production”. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, vol. 34, n. 6, 2008.
YU, B. et al. “Study on the combustion characteristics of a premixed combustion system with exhaust gas recirculation”. Energy, vol. 61, 2013.
ZAHEDI, A. “Maximizing solar PV energy penetration using energy storage technology”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, n. 1, 2011.
ZHANG, X. et al. “Approximate ideal multi-objective solution Q(λ) learning for optimal carbon-energy combined-flow in multi-energy power systems”. Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 106, 2015.
ZHANG, X. et al. “Experimental investigation and mathematical modelling of wood combustion in a moving grate boiler”. Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 91, n. 11, 2010.