CONCEITO DE SAÚDE DIGITAL NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE (2020-2022): UM ESTUDO BASEADO NO MÉTODO EVOLUCIONÁRIO DE RODGERS
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Resumo
Diante da transformação da saúde digital, e da sua implantação nos cuidados em saúde, este estudo tem como objetivo analisar o conceito de saúde digital na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), concentrando-se na sua aplicação durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo análise de conceito, ancorado no modelo evolucionário de Rodgers. Para seleção dos estudos foi desenvolvida uma Scoping Review na perspectiva teórica do Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), guiada pelo PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) e conforme as etapas propostas por Arksey & O’Malley e Levac e colaboradores. Foram incluídos 44 estudos na análise. Eles apontaram atributos essenciais do conceito, que remetem ao uso de ferramentas digitais na APS para intermediar a oferta de cuidados, inclusive qualificando o autocuidado. Destacam o aspecto da comunicação como reforço das relações interpessoais entre atores, possível por formas síncronas ou assíncronas de troca de informações. Como antecedentes, foram evidenciados tanto fatos relacionados diretamente a pandemia, como a rápida expansão da saúde digital, sem ferramentas suficientes, assim como a falta de confiança entre profissionais e pacientes nessas ferramentas. O conceito de saúde digital na APS teve 17 termos considerados sinônimos, sendo telessaúde e telemedicina os mais frequentes. Acreditamos que o elevado número de termos substitutos está relacionado com o campo ainda em construção e transformação. Destarte, é possível fazer uma formulação de conceito da saúde digital como uma ferramenta ou meio de prestação de cuidado aos pacientes de forma remota, em um determinado sistema, que possibilita a comunicação em saúde, bem como o uso de tecnologias da informação para mediar o cuidado a distância. Assim, os atributos essenciais do conceito estão atrelados ao cuidado, educação e gerenciamento na APS, tendo a crise epidemiológica mundial da COVID-19 como seu maior fenômeno propulsor.
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