WE MAKE OURSELVES STUPID IN ORDER TO MAKE THE COMPUTERS SEEM SMART: THE RISKS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This scientific essay presents some negative consequences of the use of Artificial Intelligence. Its methodological approach consists of an exploratory research based on the deductive method, prepared from a bibliographic survey carried out in scientific works and journalistic materials. The problems related to the autonomous guns guided by Artificial Intelligence and the replacement of people by Artificial Intelligence systems are briefly described. Subsequently, the surveillance and control exerted by digital platforms through Artificial Intelligence algorithms are presented in greater depth, allowing the reader to comprehend and ponder over the implications of the unrestrained use of these platforms. One plausible conclusion is that Artificial Intelligence is neither good nor bad, after all, it is not yet conscious. It only executes what is established by its designers, therefore it is up to the human beings which develop and the ones who use Artificial Intelligence based tools to take advantage of its benefits without falling for its traps.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c). Conjuncture Bulletin (BOCA)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
AAFPRS - American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstrutive Surgery. “AAFPRS Announces Annual Survey Results: Demand for Facial Plastic Surgery Skyrockets as pandemic drags on”. AAFPRS [2022]. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 29/05/2024.
ALLCOTT, H.; GENTZKOW, M. “Social Media and Fake News in the 2016 Election”. Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol. 31, n. 2, 2017.
ARMY TECHNOLOGY. “Zala KYB Strike Drone, Russia”. Army Technology [2023]. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 22/04/2024.
BARSA. Dicionário Barsa de Língua Portuguesa. São Paulo: Editora Barsa Planeta, 2005.
BONFIM, G. W.; NASCIMENTO, I. P. C.; BORGES, N. B. “Transtorno dismórfico corporal: revisão da literatura”. Contextos Clínicos, vol. 9, n. 2, 2016.
BROWN, A. J. “Should I Stay or Should I Leave?: Exploring (Dis)continued Facebook Use After the Cambridge Analytica Scandal”. Social Media + Society, vol. 6, 2020.
CHACE, C. The Economic Singularity: Artificial Intelligence and the Death of Capitalism. Dallas: Three Cs, 2016.
CHEN, K. “Edward Snowden, the NSA, and the U.S surveillance state”. Intelligence and National Security, vol. 32, 2016.
CHUN, J. et al. “An international systematic review of cyberbullying measurements”. Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 113, 2020.
CINELLI, M. et al. “The echo chamber effect on social media”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol 118, 2021.
COSTELLO, J. et al. “Who views online extremism? Individual attributes leading to exposure”. Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 63, 2016.
DIXON, S. J. “Daily time spent on social networking by internet users worldwide from 2012 to 2024 (in minutes)”. Statista [2024]. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 27/05/2024.
DIXON, S. J. “Most popular social networks worldwide as of April 2024, ranked by number of monthly active users”. Statista [2024]. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 27/05/2024.
DUNNING, D. “The Dunning-Kruger Effect: On Being Ignorant of One’s Own Ignorance”. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, vol. 44, 2011.
EINAV, G. et al. “Bursting filter bubbles in a digital age: Opening minds and reducing opinion polarization through digital platforms”. Technology in Society, vol. 71, 2022.
FORD, M. Rise of the Robots: Technology and Threat of a Jobless Future. New York: Basic Books, 2015.
FUCHS, C. “Information and Communication Technologies and Society. A Contribution to the Critique of the Political Economy of the Internet”. European Journal of Communication, vol. 24, 2009.
FUCHS, C. “Web 2.0, Prosumption, and Surveillance”. Surveillance and Society, vol. 8, 2011.
GIANTINI, G. “The sophistry of the neutral tool. Weaponizing artificial intelligence and big data into threats toward social exclusion”. AI Ethics, vol. 3, 2023.
GIL, A. C. Como Elaborar Projetos de Pesquisa. São Paulo: Editora Atlas, 2021.
HATTENSTONE, S. “Tech guru Jaron Lanier: ‘The danger isn’t that AI destroys us. It’s that it drives us insane”. The Guardian [2023]. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 22/05/2024.
HINDS, J.; WILLIAMS, E. J; JOINSON, A. N. “It wouldn't happen to me: Privacy concerns and perspectives following the Cambridge Analytica scandal”. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol. 43, 2020.
JUSTBORN. “Jia Jia Robot: China’s Pioneering Humanoid Robot”. AI Just O Born [2024]. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 25/05/2024.
KELES, B.; McCRAE, N.; GREALISH, A. “A Systematic Review: The Influence of Social Media on Depression, Anxiety and Psychological Distress in Adolescents”. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, vol. 25, 2023.
KEMP, S. “The Time We Spend on Social Media”. Data Reportal [2024]. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 24/05/2024.
KURZWEIL, R. “The Coming Merging of Mind and Machine”. Scientific American [2009]. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 12/04/2024.
KURZWEIL, R. The Age of Spiritual Machines: When Computers Exceed Human Intelligence. New York: Penguin Publishing Group, 1999.
KURZWEIL, R. The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology. New York: Penguin Publishing Group, 2005.
KURZWEIL, R. The Singularity Is Nearer: When We Merge with AI. New York: Penguin Publishing Group, 2024.
KYAW, N. “Social Media, Hate Speech and Fake News during Myanmar’s Political Transition”. In: SINPENG, A; TAPSELL, R. Grassroots Activism to Disinformation: Social Media in Southeast Asia. Singapore: ISEAS Publishing, 2020.
LANIER, J. “One Half a Manifesto”. Edge - Conversation: Tecnology [2000]. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 12/04/2024.
LANIER, J. Dez argumentos para você deletar agora suas redes sociais. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Intrínseca, 2018.
LANIER, J. Gadget: você não é um aplicativo!. São Paulo: Editora Saraiva, 2010.
LEIBOLD, J. “Surveillance in China’s Xinjiang Region: Ethnic Sorting, Coercion, and Inducement”. Journal of Contemporary China, vol. 29, 2019.
LEVENTHAL, A. M. et al. “Digital media use and suicidal behavior in U.S. adolescents, 2009–2017”. Preventive Medicine Reports, vol. 23, 2021.
LYON, D. “Surveillance and the power of platforms”. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, vol. 16, 2023.
McCARTHY, J. et al. “A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence, August 31, 1955”. AI Magazine, vol. 27, 2006.
MULLER, K.; SCHWARZ, C. “Fanning the Flames of Hate: Social Media and Hate Crime”. Journal of the European Economic Association, vol. 19, 2021.
NETCHITAILOVA, E. “Facebook as a Surveillance Tool: From the Perspective of the User”. tripleC: Communication, Capitalism and Critique, vol. 10, 2012.
OHLY, S.; BASTIN, L. “Effects of task interruptions caused by notifications from communication applications on strain and performance”. Journal of Occupational Health, vol. 65, 2023.
RAHMILLAH, F. I. et al. “Is distraction on the road associated with maladaptive mobile phone use? A systematic review”. Accident Analysis and Prevention, vol. 181, 2023.
REHMAN, I. “Facebook-Cambridge Analytica data harvesting:What you need to know”. Library Philosophy and Practice, n. 2497, 2019.
RUSSEL, S. Human Compatible: Artificial Intelligence and the Problem of Control. New York: Penguim Random House, 2019.
RYDING, F. C.; KUSS, D. J. “The use of social networking sites, body image dissatisfaction, and body dysmorphic disorder: A systematic review of psychological research”. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, vol. 9, 2020.
SAGER, A. “Big data, surveillance, and migration: a neo-republican account”. Journal of Global Ethics, vol. 19, 2023.
TALAMANCA, G.; ARFINI, S. “Through the Newsfeed Glass: Rethinking Filter Bubbles and Echo Chambers”. Philosophy and Technology, vol. 35, 2022.
THAI, H. et al. “Reducing social media use improves appearance and weight esteem in youth with emotional distress”. Psychology of Popular Media, vol. 13, 2023.
TOURINHO, E. Z. “Notas sobre o behaviorismo de ontem e de hoje”. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, vol. 24, 2011.
TRADINGVIEW. “World stocks - Top companies”. Trading View [2024]. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 05/04/2024.
TWENGE, J. M. “Increases in Depression, Self‐Harm, and Suicide Among U.S. Adolescents After 2012 and Links to Technology Use: Possible Mechanisms”. Psychiatric Research and Clinical Practice, vol. 2, 2020.
UNITED NATIONS. “Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems (LAWS)”. United Nations [2024]. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 22/04/2024.
WANG, Y.; KOSINSKI, M. “Deep neural networks are more accurate than humans at detecting sexual orientation from facial images”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 114, 2018.
X BLOG. “Introducing autoplay video and a new standard for viewability”. X Blog [2015]. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 07/05/2024.
XIA, T. et al. “Internal/external information access and information diffusion in social media”. Proceedings of iConference. Illinois: Illinois Digital Enviroment, 2017.
ZUCKERBERG, M. “Um olhar sobre o modelo de negócio do Facebook”. Folha de São Paulo [2019]. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 12/05/2024.