IMPACT OF ELECTIONS ON THE REEMERGENCE OF COVID-19 IN BRAZIL
Main Article Content
Abstract
The importance of elections in a democratic society is indisputable, as is the exercise of the right to vote and to be voted. However, the COVID-19 pandemic, an unexpected event, but one that took place well in advance of the municipal elections, is reason enough to question the fulfillment of this year’s elections. The current study aimed to demonstrate, according to epidemiology and biosafety, that, even under TSE rules for the holding of elections, there is effectively no security, in addition to the risk of multiplying new cases of COVID-19 and prolonging the pandemic in the country. Considering four fields of analysis, social/interpersonal distancing, the use of masks and personal protective equipment, the washing of hands and the use of alcohol as well as the quantity of cases and deaths, the difficulty and impossibility of avoiding contagion was demonstrated once the disease is transmitted through the upper airways. In addition, there was a reversal of the declining trend of the epidemiological curve with an increase in the number of cases and deaths in five epidemiological weeks during the period associated with the elections. The results allow the conclusion that the elections, although fundamental, contributed at least in part to the re-emergence of the disease in the country.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c). Conjuncture Bulletin (BOCA)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
BERTOLI, S.; GUICHARD, L.; MARCHETTA, F. “Turnout in the Municipal Elections of March 2020 and Excess Mortality during the COVID-19 Epidemic in France”. Discussion Paper Series - IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, n. 13.335, 2020.
BIROLI, F.; MIGUEL, L.F. “Meios de comunicação, preferências e voto no Brasil. In: BIROLI, F.; MIGUEL, L.F (orgs.). Notícias em disputa: mídia, democracia e formação de preferências no Brasil. São Paulo: Editora Contexto, 2017.
BLUMENAU. Prefeitura Municipal. “Boletim coronavírus”. Portal Eletrônico da Prefeitura Municipal de Blumenau [22/10/2020]. Disponível em: <https://www.blumenau.sc.gov.br>. Acesso em: 23/10/2020.
CAPONI, S. “Covid-19 e quarentena em Santa Catarina: um triste experimento populacional”. História Ciências e Saúde – Manguinhos, maio, 2020.
CONASS - Conselho Nacional de Secretários de Saúde. “Painel CONASS Covid 19”. Portal Eletrônico do CONASS [2021]. Disponível em: <https://www.conass.org.br>. Acesso em: 24/09/2021.
CRUZ, M. A. “Poder representativo, eleições e sistemas eleitorais – propostas de abordagem”. História – Revista da FLUP, vol. 9, n. 2, 2019.
DALL’ALBA, R; ROCHA, D. G. “Brazil’s response to COVID-19: commercial determinants of health and regional inequalities matter”. The Lancet Global Health, vol. 9, abril, 2021.
FERRARI, C. K. B. “Resposta brasileira à pandemia de COVID-19: O ministério da saúde acertou, a presidência da república errou”. Boletim de Conjuntura (BOCA), vol. 3, n. 7, 2020.
FERRARI, C. K. B. “Questão de educação e ciência: Seria o lockdown a cloroquina da esquerda brasileira?” Boletim de Conjuntura (BOCA), vol. 6, n. 17, 2021.
FERRARI, C. K. B. “Por que respondemos mal à pandemia de covid-19? Transformações necessárias nos saberes docentes da saúde”. Humanidades & Inovação, vol. 8, n. 45, 2021.
GOMES, L. C. et al. Biossegurança e resíduos de serviços de saúde no cotidiano acadêmico. Revista de Ciências Farmacêuticas Básica e Aplicada, vol. 35, n. 3, 2014.
IDEA - International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. “Managing elections during the COVID-19 pandemic. Considerations for decision makers”. Policy Brief, July 2020.
JACKSON-FILHO, J. M.; ALGRANTI, E. “Desafios e paradoxos do retorno ao trabalho no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19”. Revista Brasileira de Saúde Ocupacional, vol. 45, e23, julho, 2020.
JOHNSON, A. F.; POLLOCK, W.; RAUHAUS, B. “Mass casualty event scenarios and political shifts: 2020 election outcomes and the U.S. COVID-19 pandemic”. Administrative Theory & Praxis, vol. 42, n. 2, 2020.
LI, Q. et al. “Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia”. New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 382, March, 2020.
LIPPI, G. et al. “Biosafety measures for preventing infection from COVID-19 in clinical laboratories: IFCC Taskforce Recommendations”. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, vol. 58, n.7, 2020.
MAIZLAND, L. “How countries are holding elections during the COVID-19 pandemic”. Council on Foreign Relations [09/17/2020]. Retrieved from: <https://www.cfr.org>. Acess in: 23/10/2020.
MUKAMAL, R. “Eye care during the coronavirus pandemic”. American Academy of Ophtalmology [05/18/2021]. Retrieved from: <https://www.aao.org>. Acess in: 23/10/2020.
NIKOLAI, L.A. et al. “Asymptomatic SARS Coronavirus 2 infection: Invisible yet invincible”. International Journal of Infectious Disease, n. 100, Setembro, 2020.
NUNES, J. A. “O resgate da epistemologia”. Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais, vol. 80, março, 2008.
PAAKKARI, L., OKAN, O. “COVID-19: health literacy is an underestimated problem”. Lancet Public Health, vol. 5, abril, 2020.
POPPER, K. Conjecturas e refutações. Brasília, Editora da UnB, 1980.
RICHTER, A. “Covid-19: TSE define protocolo de saúde para eleições municipais. Pessoas com sintomas da COVID não devem ir ao local de votação”. Agência Brasil de Notícias [08/09/2020]. Disponível em: <https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br>. Acesso em: 19/10/2020.
ROTHE, C. et al. “Transmission of 2019-nCoV Infection from an Asymptomatic Contact in Germany”. New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 382, março, 2020.
SENHORAS, E. M. “O campo de poder das vacinas na pandemia da Covid-19”. Boletim de Conjuntura (BOCA), vol. 6, n. 18, 2021.
SENHORAS, E. M.; GOMES, M. L. “COVID-19 nos municípios de Roraima”. Boletim de Conjuntura (BOCA), vol. 3, n. 9, 2020.
TAN, J. et al. “Transmission and clinical characteristics of asymptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection”. Future Virology, vol. 15, n. 6, 2020.
TSE - Tribunal Superior Eleitoral. “TSE adota cuidados sanitários para eleitores e mesários nas Eleições”. Portal Eletrônico do TSE [2020a]. Disponível em: <https://www.tse.jus.br>. Acesso em: 23/10/2020.
TSE - Tribunal Superior Eleitoral. “Cartaz. Vote com segurança. Covid-19”. Portal Eletrônico do TSE [2020b]. Disponível em: <https://www.tse.jus.br>. Acesso em: 23/10/2020.
TSE - Tribunal Superior Eleitoral. “Cartaz. Passo a passo da votação. Covid-19”. Portal Eletrônico do TSE [2020c]. Disponível em: <https://www.tse.jus.br>. Acesso em: 23/10/2020.
TSE - Tribunal Superior Eleitoral. “Cartaz. Dicas para o mesário. Covid-19”. Portal Eletrônico do TSE [2020d]. Disponível em: <https://www.tse.jus.br>. Acesso em: 23/10/2020.
TSE - Tribunal Superior Eleitoral. “Cartaz. Dicas para os demais colaboradores nas eleições”. Portal Eletrônico do TSE [2020e]. Disponível em: <https://www.tse.jus.br>. Acesso em: 23/10/2020.
TESSER, G. J. “Principais linhas epistemológicas contemporâneas”. Educar em Revista, n. 10, dezembro, 1994.
VICENTE, A. L. C.; SANTOS, T. S. M. “Coronavírus: como está a classe trabalhadora na pandemia?” Boletim de Conjuntura (BOCA), vol. 4, n. 10, 2020.
ZHOU, S. S. et al. “Assessment of a respiratory face mask for capturing air pollutants and pathogens including human influenza and rhinoviruses”. Journal of Thoracic Disease, vol. 10, n. 3, março, 2018.
ZHU, N. et al. “A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019”. New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 382, fevereiro, 2020.
WERNECK, G. L.; CARVALHO, M. S. “A pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil: crônica de uma crise sanitária anunciada”. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, vol. 36, n. 5, 2020.
WHO – World Health Organization. “WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19” WHO Website [05/06/2020]. Retrieved from: <https://www.who.int>. Access in: 22/10/2020.